ΑΛΛΗΛΕΓΓΥΗ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΕ: ΕΞΕΛΙΞΕΙΣ ΣΤΟ ΠΕΔΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΦΥΓΙΚΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΚΛΗΣΕΙΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΕ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ

226 Examining applications under administrative detention far more likely to become isolated and experience feelings of depression. Other issues related to the detention of LGBTQIs in comparison to the general population of detainees are increased risk of sexual transmitted diseases, such as HIV and lim- ited or no, in most of the cases, access to specialized medical care, like hormone therapy 32 . When discussing about minors, one has to bear in mind that every case is com- plicated and needs to be examined on multiple levels and on an individual ba- sis. Some children may face difficulties in terms of expressing their feelings, for reasons such as past traumatizing experiences, instructions of parents or their smuggler and fear of the host country’s authorities 33 . Depending on the age and maturity of a minor, detention might become a highly traumatizing experience that destabilizes an already disturbed reality, deprives children of their childhood, education and playtime and psychologically stigmatizes them for the rest of their life. Detention may cause symptoms that vary from sleeping and eating disorders to depression and anxiety signs. Also, detention extends the gap among the child applicant and the person conducting the interview, as the latter is identified with the authorities, thus causing suspicion and mistrust. Needless to say that the abovementioned issues, regarding the possible effects of detention on applicants who are members of other vulnerable groups, such as victims of torture, women, and LGBTQI’s, have an even more aggravating effect on children and minor applicants 34 in cases where one or more vulnerability fac- tors co-exist. For example in the case of a 14-year-old girl, separated from her relatives, who has been raped by family members in the past, or in the case of a 17-year-old homosexual boy, who is a trafficking victim, facing post traumatic stress disorder while being in detention, there is high probability that detention will heavily influence the applicant’s future psychosocial development 35 . 32. See Tabak S. / Levitan R. , LGBTI migrants in immigration detention, FMR ibid. For a practice of particular interest regarding detention facilities for LGBTs by USA, see Fialho C., A model immigration detention facility for LGBTI?, FRM ibid. 33. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Guidelines on International Protection No. 8: Child Asylum Claims under Articles 1(A)2 and 1(F) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, 22 December 2009, HCR/GIP/09/08, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b2f4f6d2.html. 34. For a thoroughly presentation of key findings related to immigration detention of children in Europe, see ‘European legal and policy framework on immigration detention of children’, European Union Agency for fundamental rights, June 2017. 35. See International Detention Coalition, ‘Captured Childhood Report Recommendations’, Chapter 5 ‘Impacts of detention on children’, June 2012, Australian Human Rights Commission ‘The Forgotten Children’ Royal Australian and New Zealand Collage of Psychiatrists ‘Position Statement 52’ Australian Psychological Society ‘Submission to Human Rights Commission National Inquiry’ June 2014, both available at https://