ΑΛΛΗΛΕΓΓΥΗ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΕ: ΕΞΕΛΙΞΕΙΣ ΣΤΟ ΠΕΔΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΦΥΓΙΚΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΚΛΗΣΕΙΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΕ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ

Dimitrios Akrivoulis 29 One could hardly resist noting that the ‘solidary’ Europe envisioned by Doherty, and many others at the times, is hardly different from where Europe stands today: According to the most advanced state of incoherent civilization in Europe, peace is the natural policy of England, France, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Prus- sia, Belgium, and Holland. They ought to unite in a temporary, if not perma- nent, alliance , for the sole purpose of successively reducing, by threats, or by force, the military and naval forces of Russia, Persia, Turkey, and Egypt, to the lowest possible standard compatible with the necessities of self-defence, in case of insurrection or invasion. They would be rendering an immense serv- ice to these barbarians, by obliging them to turn their attention to the con- quests of industry at home, when all prospects of satisfying their martial am- bition by spoliating conquests abroad were effectually and permanently cut off. 40 Who then is the solidary and to whom? The above analysis already implied that our answer to the question of solidary subjectivity unavoidably depends on our an- swer to the question about the locus of solidarity, the political space within which the obligations arising from the principle first become meaningful. Once again, a lexicographical survey of the solidary and other related words further reinforces the argument that solidarity is characterized more by conceptual intricacies and ruptures than by an imagined gradual deviation from a revolutionary etymon of French origin. According to the OED, the word solidary derives from the French solidaire . As in the case of solidarity , though, the Dictionary further records its connection to the word solid . The French word solidaire is presented by the OED as absolutely naturalized in the English language. Although no meanings are re- corded in the Dictionary, the quotes provided indicate that the solidaire (as a nat- uralized adjective) means the one who is a) sympathetic or a supporter of certain ideas, 41 b) firmly connected or depended upon something else, 42 c) allegiant to the community (nation) one belongs, 43 d) or a perfect synonym to the solidary, a coun- terpoint to the solitaire ( solidaire / solitaire ). 44 40. Ibid , p. 162, emphasis added. 41. “1845 MACAULAY Let. 1 Mar. (1977) IV. 244, I certainly did suppose that you considered yourself as solidaire for doctrines which the cabinet has repeatedly and emphatically proclaimed.” Quoted from OED, under ‘solidaire’. 42. “1877 W. R. ALGER Life of Edwin Forrest I. i. 25 When volition put rigidity into his mus- cles the centre was solidaire with the periphery.” Quoted from ibid . 43. “1942 WYNDHAM LEWIS Let. 27 Jan. (1963) 316 But one cannot help feeling solidaire with the nation to which one belongs.” Quoted from ibid . 44. “1962 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Aug. 556/2 They must be made not ‘solidaire’ (to use M. Neveux’s words) in a shared, superior understanding of the plight of the figure on the stage, but made ‘solitaire’ as they realize that they each, alone, share his fate.” Quot- ed from ibid .