ΑΛΛΗΛΕΓΓΥΗ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΕ: ΕΞΕΛΙΞΕΙΣ ΣΤΟ ΠΕΔΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΦΥΓΙΚΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΚΛΗΣΕΙΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΕ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ

Dimitrios Akrivoulis 31 darism”, or the adjective solidaristic , 49 and c) the rare verb solidarize , deriving from the French solidariser , meaning in a transferred (metaphorical) or reflexive sense “to bring to solidarity”. 50 It is with the conceptual mutations of solidity (or solidness , of solid state , or the obsolete solidiousness ) though, that the pre-revolutionary prehistory of solidar- ity —and of course its etymological connection to the Latin solidus — is fully dis- closed. Etymologically deriving from the French adjective solidité and the Italian solidità or the Latin soliditāt-em , and all of them from the Latin solidus , solidity enjoys six recorded meanings. Some of them are traced as early as 1532 and are mostly connected to the qualities of being solid or substantial in various figurative or transferred senses and applications (geometry, science etc.). 51 The sixth sense however is striking. It is defined as a synonym to solidarity and its first recorded use dates back in 1706! Yet, in what sense? This prehistory of solidarity is no other than the legal/commercial sense of the joint obligation or liability of creditors . 52 And with solidity let us now turn to the solid , from which all the above derive. More than apparent, the etymological connection between solidarity and the Eng- lish (noun and adjective) solid is recognized by the OED. According to the Diction- 49. “1884 C. POWER Philistia I. i. 4 The polyglot crowd of democratic solidarists. 1957 [see PERSONALISM b]. 1968 Economist 28 Dec. 27/3 Further evidence of an ‘instrumental collectivism’ as opposed to a traditional ‘solidaristic collectivism’. 1969 P. WORSLEY in Ionescu & Gellner Populism 224 These independent commodity-producers were not simply ‘petty-bourgeois’ individualists, as their solidarist political associations dem- onstrate. 1974 B. JESSOP Traditionalism, Conservatism & Brit. Pol. Culture ii. 32 The distinctive attribute of secular voters is an absence of solidaristic class consciousness rather than commitment to deferential norms.” Quoted from OED, under ‘solidarist’. 50. “1886 Pictorial World 8 Apr. 328 An arrangement of solid facts and figures to prove the solidarising effects of American republican institutions over those of the Britisher. 1888 Standard 4 Feb. 5/6 Germany has, in a measure, solidarized herself with Austria, and that solidarity has its charges.” Quoted from OED, under ‘solidarize’. 51. “1532 MORE Confut. Tindale Wks. 720/2 The trouth of Goddes woorde hath his solidyte, substaunce and fastnesse of and in it selfe. … 1647 CLARENDON Hist. Reb. i. §166 No Kingdom in the solidity of the Laws was more Secure than England. … 1804 GOUV. MOR- RIS in Sparks Life & Writ. (1832) III. 213 Prussia has grown up so fast that there is a want of solidity. 1866 SEELEY Ecce Homo iv. (ed. 8) 36 Human relations gained a solidity and permanence which they had never before seemed to have. …”. Quoted from OED, under ‘solidity’, 1. 52. “1706 tr. Dupin’s Eccl. Hist. 16th C. II. iv. ix. 431 note, Solidity in the French Law is a joint Obligation entred into by several Creditors, by which every one of the Obligees binds himself to pay what they all owe in Common, upon the default of the rest. 1818 COLEBROOKE Obligations xiv. 149 This solidity in respect of creditors is very rare: it is not to be confounded with indivisibility of obligation. Ibid ., The effects of solidity towards creditors, when it does occur, are as follow. Each of the creditors, being so for the whole, may consequently demand the whole [etc.].” Quoted from OED, under ‘solidity’, 6.