HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION FOR VULNERABLE ASYLUM APPLICANTS

Contents XX 5.4. Legal Framework for protection of victims during criminal proceedings: implementation and challenges .............................................................................................................................. 108 5.5. Legal Framework in Greece: its sufficiency and problems on its application ......... 109 5.6. Difficulties in meeting the needs of victims of sex trafficking ................................................. 110 6. Recommendations ......................................................................................................................................................................... 112 7. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 113 References ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 115 Protection of torture victims during the refugee influx in Greece, Bourmpoulas Georgios ...................................................................................................................................................................... 119 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 119 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 119 2.1. Legal Framework ........................................................................................................................................................................ 121 2.1.1. Prohibition of torture ....................................................................................................................................................... 121 2.1.2. Definition of torture ........................................................................................................................................................... 124 2.1.3. Protection of refugee torture victims ............................................................................................................. 124 2.2. Refugees in Greece (2015-2019) ............................................................................................................................ 128 2.2.1. Statistical Data ......................................................................................................................................................................... 128 2.2.2. Refugee torture victims’ situation according to reports ............................................................ 130 3. Research question and methodology .................................................................................................................. 132 3.1. Research question and subquestions ................................................................................................................. 132 3.2. Research methodology ...................................................................................................................................................... 133 4. Findings ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 134 4.1. Profile of torture victims .................................................................................................................................................... 134 4.2. Certification of victims ......................................................................................................................................................... 135 4.3. Victims of torture who are not certified as such ...................................................................................... 136 4.4. Victims’ characteristics, needs, and access to support ...................................................................... 138 4.5. Legal Framework: is it sufficient in protecting refugee torture victims? Are there any problems in its application?What are these problems? ......................... 141 4.6. Challenges faced by the practitioners .............................................................................................................. 142 4.7. How would you assess Greece’s response to victims’ needs? ................................................... 143 4.8. Suggestions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 143 5. Research results ................................................................................................................................................................................. 144 6. Recommendations ......................................................................................................................................................................... 147 References ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 149