80
$>%;>*#*+>&>%!&#)*:+! ;&>%!#*>8>%*@(+(/?*@&!0 (#>?/%!0 (/%+! ;&>%*&!&;0
1944,
'
,
-
'
118
. ;
-
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"
5 '
. 6
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'
'
-
'
' - 5 '
. /
" '
'
-
,
'
-
'
"
-
119
.
3.1.2. !
' #
;
! #
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-
' '
19
120
. 0
-
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' 5 '
-
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.
!
'
,
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,
' (
strict
liability)
E '
.
,
#
$ , " -
118. /
'
J.C.R. Haulage Ltd. (1944), All ER 691. !
-
,
"
Common Law,
.
119.
R
"
1971
'
Tesco
Supermarkets Ltd v.Natrass,
$
" -
,
'
,
-
,
'
"
(“
directing mind and will”),
$
0
,
$ ' 0
,
'
(1972)
All ER 127.
120. / '
'
#
$ ! -
# .
Wharton’s
,
Criminal Law, & . 2, 14
., 1979,
. 111.