INTERNATIONAL LAW AND DIPLOMACY ON THE CYPRUS QUESTION

1 INTRODUCTION This book is an unrevised version of a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in the University of London, London School of Economics and Political Science . The aimof the thesis is basically twofold. First, to examine from the International Law viewpoint the 1974 Turkish Intervention of Cyprus; actually whether there are any grounds upon which Turkey may rely in order to establish the legality of intervention. In this regard, the political context of the Cyprus Question (including the foundation of the Cyprus Republic and the 1959 Constitution alongside its provisions, particularly the ones pertaining to security) is elaborated. Second, to explore the legal and political consequences of the intervention. In this way, the dis- sertation is forward-looking, as prospects for a future settlement of the Cyprus Issue are ana- lyzed in the light of Public International Law, International Politics, and Constitutional Theory. Although Turkey’s intervention has been the subject of much comment, a fresh study has been warranted. This is so, because the present analysis takes advantage of information not available to many of the earlier commentators. Extensive research has been conducted in the Public Records Office, examining available Foreign Office and War Office Files relevant to the study. Greek Cypriot politicians have been duly interviewed who gave their own account of the events surrounding the relevant issue. Greek as well as Turkish material has been thoroughly studied and has also been included in the study. Needless to mention that massive International Law and Politics works are quoted in detail, thus making possible the application of legal principles to the political issue under examination. Furthermore, this study is distinctive in that it ranges beyond the question whether the intervention was lawful to consider the legal and political consequences, which flowed from it, and looks to the future exploring afresh prospects for a just and viable settlement to the Cyprus problem. It is noteworthy that the thesis is broad enough to comprise analysis of various branches of the academic fields of International Law and Politics such as the International Law of Armed Conflict and the Use of Force, International Organizations, the Law of Treaties, Statehood, Human Rights, International Law Theory, Conflict Resolution, Foreign Policy and Constitutional Theory. The Doctoral Thesis comprises three major Parts and eight Chapters. Supplement to the work is part of the chapter on Federal Constitution (vii), which has also formed the basis of a separate book titled Federal Constitution and Human Rights on Cyprus (Harvard University, 2004). This has been compiled within the Gates of Harvard University in the light of additional material and research. The excellent holdings of the HarvardWidener Library in Classical Greek Constitutions as well as contemporary Federal Government have been immensely useful important. This