

XIV
2. ÉÁÄÉËÁѽÁ
............................................................................................... 127
3. §ÎÉÍÎÎɼÑÅÉÕ
.......................................................................................... 127
4. ¡¾ÆÁÑÈ
................................................................................................. 128
5. µÍÄÉËÁ »ÑÁ
............................................................................................. 128
¦¦¦. ¡½ÒÈÑÈ ÄÉÎÐÉÑÎÀ ÄÉËÁÑÒÉËÎÀ Ñ×ÁÐÁÑÒÒÈ
ÐÎÑÏÎ× ÁÍÁÇËÁÑÒÉËÄÉÁ»ÍÎÍÒÎÕ ÑŠҾΠÄÉÁÆÎÐÅÒÉ˾
Á¾ Á×Ò¾Í ÒÈÕ ËÁÒÎÉ˽ÁÕ ÒÎ× (ÐÓÐÎ 801 §ÎÌ)
..................................... 128
¡. ÅÍÉË......................................................................................................... 128
¢. ±Á ÑÒÎÉÖŽÁ ÒÈÕ Á½ÒÈÑÈÕ
................................................................................ 129
. £ÍÍÎÉÎÌÎÇÉ˼ ÐÎÑ»ÇÇÉÑÈ ÒÔÍ ÅÉ»ÐÎ×Õ ÑÒÎÉÖŽÔÍ ÒÈÕ Á½ÒÈÑÈÕ
..................... 129
1. £ÍÅÐÇÈÒÉË ÍÎÉÎÎÉÎÀÅÍÁ оÑÔÁ
....................................................... 129
2. ÅÐÉÒÏÑÅÉÕ ×ÎÂÎÌ¼Õ ÑÅ ÄÉËÁÑÒÉ˼ Ñ×ÁÐÑÒÁÑÈ
...................................... 129
3. ÐÎÑÄÉÎÐÉÑ¾Õ ÒÎ× ÄÉËÁÑÒÉËÎÀ Ñ×ÁÐÁÑÒÒÈ
ËÁÉ ÒÔÍ ÅÌÏÍ ÒÎ× ÅÎÒÉËÎÀ Ñ×ÂÎ×̽Î×
................................................... 130
4. ÉËÎÍÎÉË ØÈÒ¼ÁÒÁ
................................................................................. 130
²¯£¦¨¡±¡
1. ¡½ÒÈÑÈ ÁÐÎÖ¼Õ ÄÅÉÁÕ ËÁÒ’ ÐÓÐÎ 797 §ÎÌ ÇÉÁ ÍÁ ÅËÖÔмÑÎ×Í
ÎÉ ÇÎÍÅ½Õ ÁÍÈ̽ËÎ× ÑÅ ÒнÒÎ, ÖмÁÒÁ Î× ÁͼËÎ×Í ÑÒÎÍ ÁͼÌÉËÎ (ÐÓÐÁ 1526,
1623, 1625, 24 ¡§)
............................................................................................. 133
2. ÐÎÒÑÅÉÕ ÁÍÁ˾ÒÎÍÒÎÕ ËÁÒÄÉÁÒÁÇ¼Õ ÌÈÐÔ¼Õ Ì¾ÇÔ È Í¾ÉÈÕ Å½ÄÎѼÕ
ÒÈÕ ÑÒÈÍ ËÁÒÎÉ˽Á ÒÎ× ÁÍÁ˾ÒÎÍÒÎÕ (ÁÐ ÒÈÍ ÁÍÒ½ÓÅÒÈ ÂÅÂÁ½ÔÑÈ Åн ËÁÒÎÉ˽ÁÕ
ÒÎ× ÑÒÈÍ »ËÓÅÑÈ Å½ÄÎÑÈÕ ÒÎ× ÄÉËÁÑÒÉËÎÀ ÅÉÅÌÈÒ¼)
.......................................... 137
3. ¡½ÒÈÑÈ ÇÉÁ ˼Ð×ÊÈ ÅËÒÅÌÅÑÒ¼Õ ÑÒÈÍ £ÌÌÄÁ ÒÅÌÅѽÄÉËÈÕ Á¾ÆÁÑÈÕ ÁÌÌÎÄÁÎÀ
ÄÉËÁÑÒÈнÎ× Å ÅÍÁǾÅÍÎ Î× Å½ÖÅ ÅÉÄÉ˼ ÅÎÐÉ˼ ËÁÒÎÉ˽Á (ÐÓÐÎ 51 § 3 ¡§)
.. 142
[4] ¥ ¦§¡®¯±¥±¡ ¦§¡¦¯²
±¯² §²¯©¯°¯²¨£®¯²
I. ÅÍÉË .............................................................................................................. 147
¡. ¥ ratio ÒÈÕ ÐÀÓÉÑÈÕ
................................................................................... 147
¢. ÐÎÚÎÓ»ÑÅÉÕ ÅÆÁÐÎǼÕ
............................................................................ 147
. ®ÎÉ˾ ÌÑÁ
............................................................................................ 148
. ÎÍÉÎÎÉÈ»ÍÎ ÔÐÉÎ ËÁÉ ÉËÁ;ÒÈÒÁ ÄÉËÁ½Î×
............................................... 148
£. ¡ÒÅÌ¼Õ ÉËÁ;ÒÈÒÁ ÄÉËÁ½Î×
............................................................................. 148
±. ÐÎÑÔÐÉͼ ÉËÁ;ÒÈÒÁ ÄÉËÁ½Î×
.................................................................... 152
¤. ±Î Ë×ÎÆÎÐÎÀÅÍÎ ÔÕ ÆÎлÁÕ ÁÍÓÐÏÉÍÈÕ ÁʽÁÕ
........................................... 152
¥. £ÁÇÔǼ ËÌÈÐÎÍνÁÕ ÑÅ Ë×ÎÆÎÐÎÀÅÍÎ
.................................................... 152
. ¡ÍÌÎÇÈ ÄÉÁÒÐÎÆ¼ ÈÒ»ÐÁÕ Á¾ ÒÈÍ ËÌÈÐÎÍÎÉ˼ ÅнÄÁ ÒÎ× Ë×ÎÆÎÐÎ×»ÍÎ×
... 153