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18

18.1.2. ¥ermann Heller (³»ÐŒÁÍ ³»ÌÌÅÐ) (1891-1933)

......................................................... 202

18.1.2.1. ¢ÉÎÇÐÁÆÉËÑÒÎÉÖŽÁ .......................................................................................... 202

18.1.2.2. ±Î ËÐÒÎÕ, È ÄȌÎËÐÁÒ½Á, È Ë×ÐÉÁÐÖ½Á ËÁÉ Î ÓÅÒÉËÉь¾Õ.................................... 203

18.1.3. ¯ ÄÉÌÎÇÎÕ - ÁÍÒ½ÌÎÇÎÕ ŒÅÒÁÊÀ Hans Kelsen ËÁÉ Carl Schmitt

(³ÁÍÕ §»ÌÑÅÍ - §ÁÐÌ ŸŒÉÒ)

............................................................................................ 206

18.1.3.1. ¢ÉÎÇÐÁÆÉËÑÒÎÉÖŽÁ ÇÉÁ ÒÎÍ Hans Kelsen.......................................................... 206

18.1.3.2. ¢ÉÎÇÐÁÆÉËÑÒÎÉÖŽÁ ÇÉÁ ÒÎÍ Carl Schmitt ......................................................... 208

18.1.3.3. O oÐÉь¾Õ ÒÎ× ËÐÒÎ×Õ ...................................................................................... 209

18.1.3.4. š½ËÁÉÎ ÖÔÐ½Õ £ÊÎ×ѽÁ – £ÊÎ×ѽÁ ÖÔÐ½Õ š½ËÁÉÎ .................................................. 213

18.1.3.5. ¯ ÑË΍¾Õ ÒÎ× ËÐÒÎ×Õ ....................................................................................... 214

19. ¦ÑÒÎнÁ žÎÌÉÒÉËÏÍ ¦ÄÅÏÍ ÑÒÈ ™ÅЌÁͽÁ ŒÅÒÒÎ 1945

.................................................. 216

š• ¨£°¯Ÿ

¡¾ ÒÎÍ 20

¾

ÑÒÎÍ 21

Î

ÁÉÏÍÁ

20. ¥ ÎÌÉÒÉ˼ ÆÉÌÅÌÅÀÓÅÐÈ ÑË»ÃÈ ÑÒÎÍ 20

¾

ËÁÉ 21

Î

ÁÉÏÍÁ

.............................................. 223

20.1. Karl Raimund Popper (§ÐÌ °ÉŒÎ×ÍÒ ž¾ÅÐ) (1902-1994)

........................................ 223

20.1.1. ¥ ØÔ¼ ËÁÉ ÒÎ »ÐÇÎ ÒÎ×

.................................................................................................. 223

20.1.2. ¥ ÎÌÉÒÉ˼ ËÁÉ ËÎÉÍÔÍÉ˼ ÒÎ× ÆÉÌÎÑÎƽÁ - ¯ÌÉь¾Õ, ¦ÑÒÎÐÉËÉь¾Õ,

ÒÎ ÄȌÎËÐÁÒÉ˾ ËÐÒÎÕ ËÁÉ Î ÐÎÑÒÁÒÅ×ÒÉь¾Õ

........................................................ 226

21. ±Î ÄÅÀÒÅÐÎ ŒÉѾ ÒÎ× 20

ÎÀ

ÁÉÏÍÁ

........................................................................................ 228

21.1. John Rawls (TØÏÍ °ÏÌÕ) (1921-2002)

.............................................................................. 231

21.1.1. ¥ ›ÅÔнÁ ÒÈÕ šÉËÁÉÎÑÀÍÈÕ

......................................................................................... 231

21.1.2. ¯ žÎÌÉÒÉË¾Õ ©ÉÌÅÌÅ×ÓÅÐÉь¾Õ

.................................................................................... 233

21.1.3. ±Î š½ËÁÉÎ ÒÔÍ ÌÁÏÍ

..................................................................................................... 236

21.2. Ronald Dworkin (°¾ÍÁÌÍÒ ®ÒÎ×¾ÐËÉÍ) (1931-2013)

..................................................... 237

21.2.1. ¥ «Ñ×ÍÒÁnjÁÒÉ˼ ÁÍÒ½ÌÈÃÈ» Åн ÄȌÎËÐÁÒ½ÁÕ

........................................................ 237

21.2.2. H ÎÌÉÒÉ˼ ÁÍ׍ÁËμ

.................................................................................................. 238

21.2.3. ¯ ¥ÐÁËÌ¼Õ ÄÉËÁÑÒ¼Õ

.................................................................................................... 240

22. ±Î ¦ÍÑÒÉÒÎÀÒÎ ÇÉÁ ÒÈÍ §ÎÉÍÔÍÉ˼ µÐÅ×ÍÁ

....................................................................... 242

23. ¯ Jürgen Habermas (™ÉÎÀÐÇËÅÍ ³ŒÅЌÁÕ) (1929-)

................................................... 244

23.1. ŸÀÍÄÅÑÈ ËÐÒÎ×Õ ÄÉËÁ½Î× ŒÅ ÄȌÎËÐÁÒ½Á

...................................................................... 244