ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΙΚΗΣ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

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ņŊńʼnŒŐŎŌňʼnŁ ŏŁňŕŌň¨ňŁ ŏŎŊńŋŎœ ʼnŁň ŋňŊňŒŁŐňőŋŎő 9
ũŦŧŷ ›ŞŦŲũŜšŦ «ŏŢŬŦūŲś ŏūŨŚ—ūŰ» (Battlezone) ůŤŭ Atari, ŹŮůŢ ū őůŬŞůŷŭ ōŤŬřŭ
ũŞ ŢũŮŴ—ŞůŹŮŢŦ —ŦŞ ›ŞŬŞŨŨŞŠś ŞŰůūŸ ŮůŤũ Ţŧ›ŞŜšŢŰŮŤ ůŴũ ūšŤŠŹũ ůŴũ ůŢ-
ťŴŬŞŧŦٗŚũŴũ. ŁũřŨūŠŤ Ůۗ›ŢŬŦűūŬř ›Ŭūŭ ŞũůŜŮůūŦŲŞ ŤŨŢŧůŬūũŦŧř ›ŞŦŲũŜ-
šŦŞ ›ūŰ ŞũŚ›ůŰŮŮŞũ ůū şŞť—ŷ ŮŰũůūũŦٗūŸ ŲŢŬŦūŸ ŧŞŦ ūűťŞŨ—ūŸ ŚšŢŦŪŢ ŧŞŦ
Ť ŏūŨޗŦŧś ŁŢŬū›ūŬŜŞ ŠŦŞ ůŤũ Ţŧ›ŞŜšŢŰŮŤ ůŴũ ›ŦŨŷůŴũ —ŞŲŤůŦŧŹũ ŞŢŬūŮŧŞ-
űŹũ.19 ņ ŞũřŠŧŤ ůŴũ Ł—ŢŬŦŧŞũŦŧŹũ ńũŷ›ŨŴũ ¨Űũř—ŢŴũ ŠŦŞ ŧŞŦũūůŷ—Ţŭ ŦšŚŢŭ
Ůůū ŲŹŬū ůŤŭ ůŢŲũūŨūŠŜŞŭ ŚŪŴ Ş›ŷ ůū «ŮůŢũŷ», ›ŞŬŞšūŮŦŞŧŷ ůŬŷ›ū ŮŧŚųŤŭ
ůŴũ ŮůŬŞůŦŴůŦŧŹũ, ůūŰŭ ŹťŤŮŢ ŮůŤ ŮŸŮűŦŠŪŤ ůŴũ ŮŲŚŮŢŹũ ůūŰŭ —Ţ ůŤũ ŤŨŢ-
ŧůŬūũŦŧś şŦū—ŤŲŞũŜŞ ůŤŭ šŦŞŮŧŚšŞŮŤŭ. ņ šŤ—ŦūŰŬŠŜŞ ůūŰ ŃŬŞűŢŜūŰ Ł—ŰũůŦŧŹũ
ŏŬūůŸ›Ŵũ ŧŞŦ Ł›ū—Ŝ—ŤŮŤŭ (Defense Modeling and Simulation OfÀce-DMSO)
ŧŞŦ ůŤŭ ń›ŦůŬū›śŭ ŠŦŞ ůŤũ Łũř›ůŰŪŤ ůŤŭ ĺŬŢŰũŞŭ Ł—ŰũůŦŧŹũ ŏŬūŠŬŞ——řůŴũ
(Defense Advanced Research Project Agency-DARPA) Ůůū œ›ūŰŬŠŢŜū ńťũŦŧśŭ
ĸ—ŰũŞŭ ůŴũ ņŏŁ, ůŤ šŢŧŞŢůŜŞ ůūŰ 1990, ŧŞůūŲŸŬŴŮŢ ťŢٗŦŧř ůŦŭ ›ŬŴůūşūŰŨŜ-
Ţŭ ›ūŰ Ś›ŬŢ›Ţ ũŞ ŨŤűťūŸũ ŠŦŞ ůŤũ ޛŜůŢŰŪŤ ůŴũ ŮŰŠŧŢŧŬŦ—ŚũŴũ ŮůŷŲŴũ.20
ŎŦ šŰũŞůŷůŤůŢŭ ›ūŰ ›ŬūŮŚűŢŬŞũ ūŬŦٗŚũŞ ŤŨŢŧůŬūũŦŧř ›ŞŦŲũŜšŦŞ ›ūŨŚ—ūŰ
ŮůŤũ Şũř›ůŰŪŤ ŮůŬŞůŦŴůŦŧŹũ šŢŪŦūůśůŴũ, ŦšŦŞŜůŢŬŞ ůŤŭ ŨśųŤŭ Ş›ūűřŮŢŴũ ŧŞ-
ůř ůŤ šŦřŬŧŢŦŞ Ţ—›Ũūŧśŭ ŮŢ —řŲŤ, ŮŢ ŮŰũšŰŞŮ—ŷ —Ţ ůūŰŭ ŞŰŮůŤŬūŸŭ ›ŢŬŦūŬŦ-
ٗūŸŭ ŮŢ ŲŬŷũū ŧŞŦ ŲŬś—Ş ›ūŰ ›řũůŞ ŧŞůŞůŬŚŲūŰũ ůŦŭ ŤŠŢŮŜŢŭ ůŴũ Ţũŷ›ŨŴũ
šŰũř—ŢŴũ ŧŞŦ ŦšŦŞŜůŢŬŞ ůŞ ŮŹ—ŞůŞ ůŴũ ŏŢţūũŞŰůŹũ ŧŞŦ ůūŰ őůŬŞůūŸ ōŤŬřŭ,
śůŞũ űŰŮŦŧŷ ũŞ Ţ›ŦůŞŲŸũūŰũ ůŤũ Şũř›ůŰŪŤ ůŴũ ŮŲŚŮŢŴũ —ŢůŞŪŸ ůūŰ ŮůŬŞ-
ůūŸ ŧŞŦ ůŤŭ şŦū—ŤŲŞũŜŞŭ ůŤŭ ŤŨŢŧůŬūũŦŧśŭ šŦŞŮŧŚšŞŮŤŭ. ņ šŤ—ŦūŰŬŠŜŞ Ţ›ŦůŬū-
›śŭ ŞŪŦūŨŷŠŤŮŤŭ 30 ŮŲŢšŷũ ŤŨŢŧůŬūũŦŧŹũ ›ŞŦŲũŦšŦŹũ ›ūŨŚ—ūŰ Ş›ŷ ůŤ ¨ŦūŜŧŤ-
ŮŤ ůŴũ ŏŢţūũŞŰůŹũ ŧŞŦ Ť ޛŦŨūŠś ›ŚũůŢ Ş›ŷ ŞŰůř ŠŦŞ ůŤũ ŞŪŦū›ūŜŤŮś ůūŰŭ Ş›ŷ
ůū őŹ—Ş ůŤ šŢŧŞŢůŜŞ ůūŰ 1990, Ş›ūůŚŨŢŮŢ ŮŜŠūŰŬŞ ŚũŞ ŮŤ—ŞũůŦŧŷ şś—Ş ›Ŭūŭ
ůŤ ŮŸŮűŦŪŤ ůŴũ ŮŲŚŮŢŴũ.21 Œū ŜšŦū ŮŤ—ŞũůŦŧś śůŞũ ŧŞŦ Ť ŮۗűŴũŜŞ ůūŰ őŹ-
—Şůūŭ ůŴũ ŏŢţūũŞŰůŹũ —Ţ ůŤ Mak Technologies ůū 1997 ŠŦŞ ůŤ šŤ—ŦūŰŬŠŜŞ ůūŰ
›ŞŦŲũŦšŦūŸ MEU 2000 ›Ŭūŭ ŲŬśŮŤ ůŷŮū Ş›ŷ ůūŰŭ ›ūŨŜůŢŭ ŷŮū ŧŞŦ Ş›ŷ ůŦŭ Śũū-
›ŨŢŭ šŰũř—ŢŦŭ.22 ņ ŠŚũũŤŮŤ ›ŞŦŲũŦšŦŹũ —Ţ ůŤũ ŦšŦŷůŤůŞ ũŞ šŦŞŮŧŢšřţūŰũ ůūŰŭ
19. J. Der Derian, Virtuous War: Mapping the Military-Industrial-Media-Entertainment Net-
work (Colorado: Westview Press, 2001) ŮŢŨ.89 ŧŞŦ E. Halter, From Sun Tzu to Xbox: War
and Video Games (New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2001) ŮŢŨ.118
20. National Research Council, Modeling and Simulation: Linking Entertainment and Defense
(Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 1997) ŮŢŨ.1 ŧŞŦ T. Lenoir, “Programming
Theaters of War: Gamemakers as Soldiers”, Stanford University Paper, 20 ŌūޗşŬŜūŰ
2005
21. ŒŞ ›ŞŦŲũŜšŦŞ ›ūŰ Ţ›ŦŨŚŲťŤŧŞũ śůŞũ ůŞ: Harpoon 2, Operation Crusader, Patriot, Ti-
gers on the Prowl ŧŞŦ Doom. ŋřŨŦŮůŞ ůū ůŢŨŢŰůŞŜū —ŢůŢŪŢŨŜŲťŤŧŢ ŮŢ Marine Doom ŧŞŦ
ŨŚŠŢůŢ ŷůŦ ŲŬŤŮŦ—ū›ūŦśťŤŧŢ ŠŦŞ ůŤũ Ţŧ›ŞŜšŢŰŮŤ ůŴũ ŏŢţūũŞŰůŹũ ŧŞůř ůŤ šŦřŬŧŢŦŞ ůŴũ
ޛŦŲŢŦŬśŮŢŴũ ŮůŤ ŃŦūŰŠŧūŮŨŞşŜŞ ŮůŤ šŢŧŞŢůŜŞ ůūŰ 1990. Ibid, ŮŢŨ.26
22. T. Lenoir, “All but War is Simulation: The Military-Entertainment Complex ”, ConÀgura-
tions, Vol.8, No.3, (2000), ŮŢŨ.325