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Ó»ÍÒÁ Á¾ ÒÎ×Õ ÄÉÁĽËÎ×Õ ÅÉÖÅÉмŒÁÒÁ ÂÌ. Villeggiante M., Snyder v. Phelps, First
Amendment boundaries on speech-based tort claims, 6 Duke J.Const.L.&Pub.Pol’y
Sidebar 41, 47 (2011).
402. ¢Ì. ËÐÉÒÉ˼ ÒÈÕ ÅÆÅÒÅÉÁË¼Õ Á¾ÆÁÑÈÕ, È ÎÎ½Á, ÅÍÏ ÓÁ ŒÎÐÎÀÑÅ ÍÁ ÖÐÈÑɌ΍ÎɼÑÅÉ
ÔÕ ÍΌÉ˼ ÂÑÈ ÒÎ×Õ ËÁ;ÍÅÕ ÒÎ× common law ËÁÉ ÍÁ ÅËÒɌ¼ÑÅÉ ÒÈÍ ÅÆÁЌÎǼ ÒÎ×Õ
Á¾ ÒÎ ÐÔÒÎÂӌÉÎ ÄÉËÁÑÒ¼ÐÉÎ, »ËÐÉÍÅ ¾ÒÉ Ò½ÓÅÍÒÁÉ ØÈÒ¼ŒÁÒÁ Ñ×ÍÒÁnjÁÒÉËÎÀ ÄÉËÁ½Î×,
ÁлÖÎÍÒÁÕ ÅÍ Ò»ÌÅÉ ŒÅ ÒÎÍ ÒоÎ Á×Ò¾ Á¾Ì×ÒÈ ÐÎÑÒÁѽÁ ÑÅ ŒÅÌÌÎÍÒÉË»Õ Ò»ÒÎÉÎ×
ŽÄÎ×Õ ÄÉÁÄÈÌÏÑÅÉÕ ÒÈÕ Westboro, ÑÅ Carter J.C., Passive virtues versus aggressive
litigants: the prudence of avoiding a constitutional decision in Snyder v. Phelps, 89
N.C.L.Rev. 326, 328 (2010), Wheeler J.J., The road not taken: How the Fourth Circuit
reached the right result for the wrong reason in Snyder v. Phelps, 2010 Cardozo L.Rev.
de novo 273, 293-295 (2010).
403. ™ÉÁ ÒÈÍ ÔÕ ÍÔ ËнÑÈ ÒÎ× šÉËÁÑÒÈнÎ×, ÂÌ. ËÁÉ Pace C.C., Snyder v. Phelps: The Unit-
ed States Supreme Court rules that the first amendment protects public speech
that exploits family’s grief, 48 Hous.Law. 44 (2011), §ÁÐÁÂÎËÀÐÈ ™., ¥ ÅÌÅ×ÓÅнÁ ÒÈÕ
»ËÆÐÁÑÈÕ ÔÕ ÅÌÅ×ÓÅнÁ ÒÈÕ ÐÎÑÂÎ̼Õ, £ÆȌšš 2011, 598, 602. ™ÉÁ ÒÁ ¾ÐÉÁ ÐÎ-
ÑÒÁѽÁÕ ÒÎ× ŒÉÑÁÌ̾ÄÎÊÎ× Ì¾ÇÎ× ÂÌ. ËÁÉ ±ÑÁË×ÐËÈ Ÿ., ¯ ŒÉÑÁÌ̾ÄÎÊÎÕ Ì¾ÇÎÕ,
£ÆÁЌÎǻ՚š 1996, 261 ō., ¾Î× ËÁÉ ÁÍÁÆÎÐ ÑÒÉÕ Ñ×ÍÁÆÅ½Õ ÁÎÆÑÅÉÕ National
Socialist Party v. Skokie, 432 U.S. 43 (1977) ËÁÉ R.A.V. v. City of Saint-Paul, 505 U.S.
377 (1992), ÒÎÍ ½ÄÉÎ, £ÌÅ×ÓÅнÁ ÒÎ× Ì¾ÇÎ× ËÁÉ ŒÉÑÁÌÌÎÄÎʽÁ, ±Î ¢¼ŒÁ, 19.5.2013,