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31ËÁÉ 32 ÒÈ՟ÀŒÂÁÑÈÕ ÒÈբɻÍÍÈÕÇÉÁ ÒΚ½ËÁÉΟ×ÍÓÈËÏÍ.41
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ÌÅ×ÑÈ׍¾ ÒÎÐÓÐÎV ÒÈÕGATT, ÒÎÐÓÐÎ7 ÒÈÕ ECT, ËÁÉ ÎÐÉь»ÍÅÕÑ׌ÆÔͽÅÕÁÇÔÇÏÍ,
ÔՍÁÐÁÄŽnjÁÒÁ ÒÎ׍ÅÐÉÅÖΌ»ÍÎ× ÒÔÍ׍ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÔÍÑÒÎÍ ÒΌ»Á ÒÈÕÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈÕ.
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¥ ËÅÍÒÐÉ˼ ÄÉÁÆÎÐ ŒÅÒÁÊÀ ÒÎ× ´ÐÓÐÎ× V ÒÈÕ GATT ËÁÉ ÒÎ× ´ÐÓÐÎ× 7 ÒÈÕ ECT ŽÍÁÉ
¾ÒÉ ÒδÐÓÐÎ 7ÅÐÉÌÁŒÂÍÅÉ ÒÉÕ ×ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÉÕ ÇÉÁ ÒÈÍ ËÁÒÁÑËÅ×¼ Í»ÔÍ ÁÇÔÇÏÍ ÄÉ»ÌÅ×-
ÑÈÕ, ÅÍÏ ÒÎ ÐÓÐÎV ÒÈÕ GATT ÄÅÍ ÄȌÉÎ×ÐÇŽ Ò»ÒÎÉÁ ׍ÎÖлÔÑÈ.42 ™ÉÁ ÁÐÄÅÉnjÁ, Î
§ÁÍÁÄÕÄÅÍÄÉËÁÉÎÀÒÁÉ Á¾ ÒδÐÓÐÎV ÒÈÕGATT ÒÈÍËÁÒÁÑËÅ×¼ ÒÎ×ÁÇÔÇÎÀKeystone
XLÑÒÎ »ÄÁÆÎÕ ÒÔÍ¥ž¡, ÁоÌ΍Î×ÎÁÇÔÇ¾Õ Ð¾ËÅÉÒÁÉ ÍÁ ÅÊÁÑÆÁ̽ÑÅÉ ¾ÖÉ Œ¾ÍÎ ÅÊÁ-
ÇÔÇ»Õ ÑÒÈÍ ¥ž¡, ÁÌÌ ËÁÉ ÒÈ ÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈ ÅÒÐÅÌÁ½Î× Œ»ÑÔ ÒÔÍ ¥ž¡43. žÉÎ Ñ×ÇËÅËÐɌ»-
ÍÁ È ÁÐÇÐÁÆÎÕ 5 ÒÎ×´ÐÓÐÎ× 7 ÒÈÕ ECT ÄÉÁÒ׍ÏÍÅÒÁÉ ÁÐÍÈÒÉË: ÒÁ Ñ׌ÂÁÌ̾ŒÅÍÁ
Œ»ÐÈ ÄÅÍ ×ÎÖÐÅÎÀÍÒÁÉ ÍÁ ōÉÒлÃÎ×Í ÒÈÍ ËÁÒÁÑËÅ×¼ ‘׍ÎÄΌÏÍ ŒÅÒÁÆÎÐÕ ÅÍ»ÐÇÅÉ-
ÁÕ’ (¾ÐÎÕ Î× ÅÐÉÌÁŒÂÍÅÉ ÁÇÔÇÎÀÕ, ÑÀŒÆÔÍÁ ŒÅ ÒÈ ÄÉÒÁÊÈ 7(10)(b) ÒÈÕ Ÿ×ÍÓ¼ËÈÕ)
ÅƾÑÎÍ ÁÎÄŽÊÎ×Í ÑÒÎ ÌÌÎ ÅÍÄÉÁÆÅоŒÅÍÎ Ÿ×ŒÂÁÌ̾ŒÅÍΨ»ÐÎÕ ¾ÒÉ È ËÁÒÁÑËÅ×¼
ÒÎ× ÁÇÔÇÎÀÓÁ »ÓÅÒÅ ÑŠ˽ÍÄ×ÍÎ ÒÈÍ ÁÑÆÌÅÉÁ¼ ÒÈÍ ÁÎÒÅÌÅьÁÒÉ˾ÒÈÒÁ ÒÔÍ ÅÍÅÐÇÅÉ-
ÁËÏÍ Ñ×ÑÒȌÒÔÍ ÒÎ×, Ñ׌ÅÐÉÌÁŒÂÁÍΌ»ÍÈÕ ÒÈÕ ÁÑÆÌÅÉÁÕ ÅÆÎÄÉÁьÎÀ ÅÍ»ÐÇÅÉÁÕ.
ŸÅ ÎÉÎ ÂÁӌ¾ ÓÁ ŒÎÐÎÀÑŠˍÎÉÎÕ ÉÑÖ×ÐÉь¾Õ ÍÁ ŽÍÁÉ ÅÁÐË¼Õ ÏÑÒÅ ÍÁ ÁÐÍÈÓŽ
»ÍÁ Ÿ×ŒÂÁÌ̾ŒÅÍΨ»ÐÎÕ ÒÈÍ ËÁÒÁÑËÅ×¼ÁÇÔÇÏÍ ÑÒÈÍ ‘žÅÐÉÎÖ¼’ ÒÎ×ÓÁ ËÐÉÓŽ Á¾ ÒÁ
ÐÁnjÁÒÉˍÅÐÉÑÒÁÒÉË, ËÁÉ ÑÅËÓōÅнÒÔÑÈ, ÈÄÉÒÁÊÈÑ×ÍōÇÅÒÁÉ ÒÈÍ׍ÎÖлÔÑÈ
ÍÁ ōÉÒлÎ×Í ÒÁŒ»ÐÈ ÒÈÍËÁÒÁÑËÅ×¼ÁÇÔÇÏÍÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈÕÑÒÎÂÁӌ¾Î× ÒÁÑ×ÇËÅËÐɌ»-
40. ¢Ì. ÇÉÁ ÁÐÄÅÉnjÁ Dispute Concerning Access to Information under Article 9 of the OSPAR
Convention (Irelandv.UnitedKingdom), FinalArbitralAward, 2 July2003, ÁÐÁ. 141-142.
41. LaGrand (Germany v. United States of America), ICJ Reports (2001) 466, ÑÅÌ. 501, ÁÐÁ. 99 (ÑÖÅÒÉË
ŒÅ ÒδÐÓÐÎ 31). Dispute regardingNavigational and Related Rights (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua), ICJ
Reports (2009) 213, ÑÅÌ. 237, ÁÐÁ. 47 (ÑÖÅÒÉˌŠÒÁ´ÐÓÐÁ31 ËÁÉ 32). Applicationof theConvention
on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia andHerzegovina v. Serbia and
Montenegro), ICJ Reports (2007) 43, ÑÅÌ. 109-110, ÁÐÁ. 160 (ÑÖÅÒÉˌŠÒÁ´ÐÓÐÁ 31 ËÁÉ 32). £½ÑÈÕ,
ÂÌ. Draft Conclusion 1, Text of the draft conclusions on subsequent agreements and subsequent
practice in relation to the interpretationof treaties, as provisionally adoptedby theCommission at its
sixty-fifth session, Reportof the International LawCommission, Sixty-fifth session (6May-7 Juneand8
July-9August2013), ÑÅÌ. 11.
42. ±Î´ÐÓÐÎ 2 ÒÎקÁÒÁÑÒÁÒÉËÎÀ ÒÈÕ ¢ÁÐËÅÌÏÍÈÕ, ÒΠ΍νΠ׍¼ÐÊÅ ËÁÉ »ÍÁ Á¾ ÒÁ ÂÁÑÉË »ÇÇÐÁÆÁ Î×
ōÈлÁÑÅ ÒÉÕ ÄÉÁÐÁnjÁÒÅÀÑÅÉÕ ÇÉÁ ÒÈÄÉÁŒ¾ÐÆÔÑÈ ÒÎ×´ÐÓÐÎV ÒÈÕGATT, ÖÐÈÑɌ΍ÎÉŽ ÒÈÄÉÁÒÀÔÑÈ
‘ÑÅ ÖмÑÈ’ ÏÑÒÅ ÍÁ ËÁÒÁÄŽÊÅÉ ¾ÒÉ ÎÉ ×ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÉÕ ×¾ ÒÈÑ×ÍÓ¼ËÈ ÁÆÎÐÎÀÍ Œ¾ÍÎÄÉÁÄÐΌ»Õ Î×Âн-
ÑËÎÍÒÁÉ ÑÅ ÖмÑÈ, ËÁÉ ¾ÒÉ ÈÑ×ÍÓ¼ËÈÄÅ ÄȌÉÎ×ÐÇŽ ׍ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÉÕ ÇÉÁ ÒÈÍ ËÁÒÁÑËÅ×¼ Í»ÔÍ Œ»ÑÔÍ ŒÅÒÁ-
ÆÎÐÏÍ ÐÎËÅɌ»ÍÎ× ÍÁ ÖÐÈÑɌ΍ÎÉÈÓÎÀÍ Á×ҌŠÑË΍¾ ÒÈÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈ. ›ÁŒÎÐÎÀÑÅ ÍÁ ÉÑÖ×ÐÉÑÓŽ ËÁ-
ÍŽվÒÉ ÈÄÉÁÇÐÁƼÁ×ÒÎÀ ÒÎ×¾ÐÎ×Á¾ ÒδÐÓÐÎV ÒÈÕGATTÑË΍¾ ŽÖÅÍÁÄȌÉÎ×ÐǼÑÅÉ ×ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÉÕ
ÑÒÁŒ»ÌÈ ÒÈÕGATTÑÖÅÒÉˌŠÒÈÍ ËÁÒÁÑËÅ×¼ Í»Ô͌»ÑÔÍ. ¬ÑÒ¾ÑÎ, ÈÄÉÁÒÀÔÑÈÑÒδÐÓÐÎV ÒÈÕGATT
ÔÕ »ÖÅÉ ÄÅÍ׍ÎÄÅÉËÍÀÅÉ ÒÈÍ׍ÎÖлÔÑÈ ÍÁËÁÒÁÑËÅ×ÑÅÉ ¼ ÍÁ ōÉÒлÎ×Í ÒÈÍ ËÁÒÁÑËÅ×¼ Í»ÔÍÄÉÁÄÐÎ-
ŒÏÍÇÉÁ ÒÎ×ÕÑË΍ÎÀÕ ÒÈÕÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈÕ.
43. ™ÉÁ ÒÈ ÄÉÁÆÎÐ ŒÅÒÁÊÀ ¥ž¡ ËÁÉ §ÁÍÁÄ ÑÖÅÒÉË ŒÅ ÒÎÍ ÁÇÔǾ, ÂÌ»Å:http://www.nytimes.
com/2014/02/01/us/politics/report-may-ease-way-to-approval-of-keystone-pipeline.html