ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ - ΔΙΚΤΥΑ ΚΑΙ ΥΠΟΔΟΜΕΣ 2014 - page 15

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š. ¡¤¡°¦¡ 5
ÇÏÍ ÅÍ»ÐÇÅÉÁÕ, ¾ÔÕ È £×ÐԍÁÙ˼ µÍÔÑÈ ËÁÉ ÒÁ ËÐÒÈ Œ»ÌÈ ÒÈÕ, ËÁÉ ÑȌÁÍÒÉË ËÐÒÈ
ÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈÕ ÅÍ»ÐÇÅÉÁÕ, ¾ÔÕ È¯×ËÐÁͽÁ ËÁÉ È ±Î×Ð˽Á. £Í¾ÃÅÉ Á×ÒÎÀ ŽÍÁÉ ÑȌÁÍÒÉ˾ ÍÁ
ÅÊÅÒÑÅÉ ËÁÍÅ½Õ ÒÉÕ ×ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÉÕ ÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈÕ ÅÍ»ÐÇÅÉÁÕ Œ»ÑÔÁÇÔÇÏÍ ×¾ ÒÈÑÖÅÒÉ˼ÄÉ-
ÒÁÊÈ ÒÈÕGATT1994.
¥ ŸÀŒÂÁÑÈ ÇÉÁ ÒÎÍ ³ÐÒÈ £Í»ÐÇÅÉÁÕ (‘ECT’) Ñ×ͼÆÓÈ ÑÒÉÕ 17šÅËŌÂнÎ× 1994 ËÁÉ Ò»-
ÓÈËÅ ÑÅ ÉÑÖÀ 16¡ÐÉ̽Î× 1998. ¥ ÑÀŒÂÁÑÈ ÅÐÉÌÁŒÂÍÅÉ ×ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÉÕ ÇÉÁ ÒÈ ÄÉ»ÌÅ×-
ÑÈ ÅÍ»ÐÇÅÉÁÕ Œ»ÑÔ ÁÇÔÇÏÍ, ÒΠŌ¾ÐÉÎ ÅÍ»ÐÇÅÉÁÕ, ÒÈÍ ÐÎÑÒÁѽÁ Ê»ÍÔÍ ÅÅÍÄÀÑÅÔÍ,
ÒÎ ÅÐÉÂÌÌÎÍ, ËÁÉ ÒÎÍ ÁÍÒÁÇÔÍÉь¾, ËÁÉ ÄÉÁÆÎÐÅÒÉËÎÀÕ ŒÈÖÁÍÉьÎÀÕ ÇÉÁ ÒÈÍ Å½Ì×ÑÈ
ÄÉÁÆÎÐÏÍ. 10 ¥ ÇÅÍÉ˼ÄÉÒÁÊÈ ÇÉÁ ÒÈÍ Å½Ì×ÑÈÄÉÁËÐÁÒÉËÏÍ ÄÉÁÆÎÐÏÍ ÐÎÂÌ»ÅÉ ÄÉÁÉ-
ÒÈѽÁ, ÁÌÌÈ Ÿ×ÍÓ¼ËȍÅÐÉÌÁŒÂÍÅÉ Å½ÑÈÕ ËÁÉ ÅÉÄÉ˾ŒÈÖÁÍÉь¾ ÇÉÁ ÒÈÍ Å½Ì×ÑÈÄÉÁ-
ÆÎÐÏÍÑÖÅÒÉˌŠÒÈÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈ.11
A. ¥µÍÍÎÉÁ ÒÈ՚ɻÌÅ×ÑÈÕ ËÁÉ ÒΞÅĽΣÆÁЌÎǼÕ
ÒÔͧÁ;ÍÔ͚ɻÌÅ×ÑÈÕ
žÎÌ×ÐÉӌÅÕ Ñ×ÍÓ¼ËÅÕ »ÖÎ×Í×ÉÎÓÅÒ¼ÑÅÉ ÒÎÍÎÐÉь¾ ÒÈÕ ÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈÕ ¾ÔÕ ÁÎÒ׍ÏÍÅÒÁÉ
ÑÒÈ ŸÀŒÂÁÑÈ ÒÈÕ ¢ÁÐËÅÌÏÍÈÕ (1921) ËÁÉ ÒΧÁÒÁÑÒÁÒÉ˾ ÒÈÕ, Î× Å½ÍÁÉ ÈÐÏÒȍÎÌ×-
ŒÅÐ¼Õ Ñ×ÍÓ¼ËÈ ÇÅÍÉËÎÀ ÖÁÐÁËÒ¼ÐÁ, È ÎÎ½Á ÎнØÅÉ ÔÕ «ÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈ» ËÁÉ »ÖÅÉ ÑÖÅÄÉÁÑÒŽ
ÁÎËÌÅÉÑÒÉË ÇÉÁ ÒÈÍ ÁÍÒɌÅÒύÉÑÈ Á×Ò¼Õ ÒÈÕ ÄÐÁÑÒÈÐɾÒÈÒÁÕ. 12 žÉÎÑ×ÇËÅËÐɌ»ÍÁ, ÄÉ-
»ÌÅ×ÑÈ Ñ×ÍÉÑÒ ÒÎ »ÐÁьÁ Œ»ÑÔ ÅÄÆÎ×Õ ÒÎ× ËÐÒÎ×Õ ÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈÕ. ±Î »ÐÁьÁ Á×Ò¾
ÁÎÒÅÌŽ «Œ¾ÍÎ »ÍÁ Ҍ¼ŒÁ ÅÍ¾Õ Ì¼ÐÎ×Õ ÒÁÊÉĽÎ×, Î×ÁÐÖ½ØÅÉ ËÁÉ ÎÌÎËÌÈÐÏÍÅÒÁÉ »ÐÁ
Á¾ ÒÁ ÑÀÍÎÐÁ ÒÎ×Õ ËÐÒÎ×Õ ÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈÕ» (§ÁÒÁÑÒÁÒÉ˾ ÒÈÕ ¢ÁÐËÅÌÏÍÈÕ, ´ÐÓÐÎ 1). ±Î
ÐÓÐÎV ÒÈÕ GATT, È ÄÉÒÁÊÈ ÇÉÁ ÒÈÍ ÅÌÅ×ÓÅнÁ ÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈÕ, ×ÉÎÓÅÒŽ Á×ÒÎÌÅÊŽ ÒÎÍ ÎÐÉ-
ь¾ ÒÎקÁÒÁÑÒÁÒÉËÎÀ ÒÈÕ¢ÁÐËÅÌÏÍÈÕ:
‘Goods [...], and also vessels and othermeans of transport, shall be deemed to be in
transit across the territoryof a contractingpartywhen thepassageacross such territo-
ry,withorwithout [...] change in themodeof transport, isonlyaportionof a complete
journeybeginningand terminatingbeyond the frontier of the contractingparty across
whose territory the traffic passes. Traffic of this nature is termed in this article “traffic
in transit”.’
10. žÅÐÉÌÁŒÂÍÅÉ Å½ÑÈÕ Œ»ÑÁ ō½Ì×ÑÈÕ ÄÉÁËÐÁÒÉËÏÍ ÄÉÁÆÎÐÏÍ, ¾ÔÕ Å½ÑÈÕ ËÁÉ Œ»ÑÁ ō½Ì×ÑÈÕ ÄÉÁÆÎÐÏÍ
ŒÅÒÁÊÀËÐÁÒÏÍËÁÉ Ê»ÍÔÍōÅÍÄ×ÒÏÍ. ¢Ì.´ÐÓÐÎ26.
11. ¯É ŒÈÖÁÍÉьν ō½Ì×ÑÈÕ ÄÉÁÆÎÐÏÍ ×¾ ÒÔÍ £ÍÅÐÇÅÉÁ˾ ³ÐÒÈ »ÖÎ×Í ÅËÒÅÍÏÕ ÁÍÁÌ×ÓŽ: D. AZARIA,
Transit of Energy via Pipelines in International Law: Treaties andCountermeasures (OxfordUniversity
Press: forthcoming2014).
12. Convention on Freedom of Transit and Statute of Freedom of Transit, (Barcelona Convention and
Statuteon Freedomof Transit) Annexed to theConvention (signedat Barcelona20April 1921, entered
into force31October1922) 7LNTS11.