ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ - ΔΙΚΤΥΑ ΚΑΙ ΥΠΟΔΟΜΕΣ 2014 - page 21

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ьÁ,ȍÁÐÂÁÑÈ ÒÈÕ׍ÎÖлÔѼÕÑ×ÍÒÅÌŽÒÁɌ¾ÍÎÁ¾ ÒÈÑ׌ÅÐÉÆÎÐ ÒÎ×ËÐÒÎ×Õ.34
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ÒÎ×Õ ËÁÒÌÌÈÌÎ×Õ ËÁ;ÍÅÕ ËÁÉ Œ»ÒÐÁ, ËÁÓÏÕ ËÁÉ «»ÍÁÎÐÉь»ÍΠō½ÅÄÎ ÒÈÕ ÅÁÇÐÀÍÈ-
ÑÈÕ ÑÒÈÍ ÅÆÁЌÎǼ ÒÎ×Õ ËÁÉ ÒÈÍ ÑËÈÑÈÄÉÎÉËÈÒÉËÎÀ ÅÌ»ÇÖÎ׍Î× ÅÆÁЌ¾ØÅÒÁÉ ÑÅ ÄÈ-
Œ¾ÑÉÎ×Õ ËÁÉ ÉÄÉÔÒÉËÎÀÕ ÆÎÐŽջ. 35 ŸÅ ËÓÅ ÅнÒÔÑÈ, ÁÍ ÒÎ ËÐÒÎÕ Ñ׌ŒÅÒ»ÖÅÉ ÅÍÅÐÇ
ÅÍÍÒÉÁÑÒÈÍ׍ÎÖлÔÑÈÑ׌ÅÐÉÆÎÐÕ, ÓÁÁÐÁ½ÁØÅ ÒÈÍ׍ÎÖлÔѼ ÒÎ×.36
¯É ׍ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÉÕ ÁÎÒÅ̻ьÁÒÎÕ ÁÐÁÂÉØÎÍÒÁÉ ¾ÒÁÍ ÒÎÁÎÒ»ÌÅьÁÎ×ÁÁÉÒŽÒÁÉ Á¾
ÒÎ ÂÁÑÉ˾ ËÁ;ÍÁ ÄÅÍ ŒÎÐŽ ÍÁ ōÉÒÅ×ÖÓŽ.37 ¯É ׍ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÉÕ Ñ׌ÅÐÉÆÎÐÕ ÁÐÁÂÉ-
ØÎÍÒÁÉ ÒÈ ÑÒÉnj¼ ÒÈÕ ÅŒÆÍÉÑÈÕ ÒÈÕ ËÁÒÑÒÁÑÈÕ Î× ÁÁÇÎÐÅÀÅÒÁÉ Á¾ ÒÎÍ ËÁ;ÍÁ.38
¡¾ ÒÈÍ ÌÌȍÌÅ×Ð, È ÒÁÊÉ;ŒÈÑÈÁ×Ò¼ÄÅÍ ŒÎÐŽ ÍÁ ŽÍÁÉ ÒΌ¾ÍΌ»ÑÎ ÇÉÁ ÒÎÍ ËÁ-
ÓÎÐÉь¾ ÒÎ׍ÅÐÉÅÖΌ»ÍÎ× ÒÔÍ ×ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÔÍ (ÅÄÏ, Î×ÁÆÎÐÎÀÍ ÑÒÈÄÉ»ÌÅ×ÑÈ), ÄɾÒÉ
ÎÉ ×ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÉÕ ÑÅ ÄÉÁÆÎÐÅÒÉË»Õ Ñ×ÍÓ¼ËÅÕ ÄÉÁÆ»ÐÎ×Í, ËÁÉ È ÅЌÈÍŽÁ ËÓÅ ÐÔÒÎÇÅ-
ÍÎÀÕ ËÁ;ÍÁ ÊÅÖÔÐÉÑҍÁÐÁŒ»ÍÅÉ ÑȌÁÍÒÉ˼ ÇÉÁ ÒÎÍ ÐÎÑÄÉÎÐÉь¾ ÒÎ׍ÅÐÉÅÖΌ»ÍÎ×
ÒÈÕ ×ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÔÕ. £½ÑÈÕ, ŽÍÁÉ Ä×ÍÁÒ¾ ÍÁ׍ÐÖÎ×Í ×ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÉÕ, Î×ÄÅÍ Å½ÍÁÉ Œ¾ÍÎ
Ñ׌ÅÐÉÆÎÐÕ ¼ Œ¾ÍÎ ÁÎÒÅ̻ьÁÒÎÕ, ¼ ŒÎÐŽ ÍÁ ÁͼËÎ×Í ÑÅ ŒÉÁ ÄÉÁÆÎÐÅÒÉ˼ ËÁÒÈ-
ÇÎнÁ: ¾ÔÕ ‘obligations of performance’. 39 ¥ÄÉËÐÉÑÈÄÅÍ Å½ÍÁÉ ÅÀËÎÌÈ, ÄɾÒÉ ÒÎ ËÁÒ
¾ÑÎÍ ×¼ÐÊÅ ÁÐÁ½ÁÑÈ ÅÊÁÐÒÒÁÉ Á¾ ÒÎ ÁËÐÉÂ»Õ ÅÐÉÅÖ¾ŒÅÍÎ ÅÍ¾Õ Ñ×ÇËÅËÐɌ»ÍÎ×
ÐÔÒÎÇÅÍÎÀÕ ËÁ;ÍÁ, ËÁÉ ÒÁÐÁnjÁÒÉˍÅÐÉÑÒÁÒÉË ÒÈÕ ×¾ÓÅÑÈÕ. ¥ËÓÅ׍ÎÖлÔÑÈ
ÑÒ΍ÌÁ½ÑÉÎÄÉÁÆÎÐÅÒÉË¼Õ Ñ×ÍÓ¼ËÈÕ Å½ÍÁÉ ÄÉÁÆÎÐÅÒÉ˼ËÁÉ Ð»ÅÉ ÍÁ ÅЌÈÍÅÀÅÒÁÉ ÊÅÖÔ-
34. J. CRAWFORD, State Responsibility: theGeneral Part, (Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 2013)
ÑÅÌ. 230.
35. Case concerning PulpMills on the river Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgment of 20April 2010,
I.C.J. Reports2010, ÑÅÌ. 14, ÁÐÁ. 195-197.
36. Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia
andHerzegovina v. SerbiaandMontenegro), Judgment of 26 February 2007, I.C.J. Reports 2007, ÑÅÌ.
43, ÁÐÁ. 382.
37. C.P. ECONOMIDES , Content of theObligations: Obligations ofMeans andObligations of Result, in J.
CRAWFORD , A. PELLET and S.OLLESON (eds.), The Lawof International Responsibility, (Oxford:Oxford
UniversityPress, 2010), ÑÅÌ. 371-381, 377.
38. Text of thedraft articles on responsibility of States for internationallywrongful actswith commentar-
ies thereto, Report of theCommission to theGeneral Assembly on thework of its fifty-third session,
YbILC2001-II, ÑÅÌ. 56, ÁÐÁ. 11.
39. ŸÒÈÍ ×¾ÓÅÑÈ Gabčvkovo-Nagymaros ÒΚÉÅÓÍ»Õ šÉËÁÑÒ¼ÐÉÎ ÒÈÕ ³ÇÈÕ ÁÍÁÇÍÏÐÉÑÅ ÒÈÍ ÀÁÐÊÈ ×Î-
ÖÐÅÏÑÅÔÍ Á¾ÄÎÑÈÕ (‘obligations of performance’) ËÁÉ ËÁÒ»ÒÁÊÅ Á͌ÅÑÁ ÑÅ Á×Ò»Õ ÒÉÕ ×ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÉÕ
׍ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÉÕ ÇÉÁ ÒÈÍ ËÁÒÁÑËÅ×¼ÆÐÁnjÒÔÍ ÑÒΚÎÀÍÁÂÈ, ÑÀŒÆÔÍÁŒÅ ÒÈÄɌÅмÑ׌ÆÔͽÁ ÒÎ× 1977
ŒÅÒÁÊÀ ÒÔÍ ŒÅÐÏÍ ÒÈÕ ÄÉÁÆÎÐÕ (ŸÌÎÂÁ˽Á ËÁÉ ¯×ÇÇÁнÁ). Gab čvkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary/
Slovakia), Judgment of 25 September 1997, I.C.J Reports 1997, ÑÅÌ. 7, ÁÐÁ. 135-136. ¬ÑÒ¾ÑÎ, ÒÎ
šÉËÁÑÒ¼ÐÉÎ ÄÅÍ ÐÎÑÄɾÐÉÑÅ ÒÈÍ »ÍÍÎÉÁ ËÁÉ ÒÎ ÅÐÉÅÖ¾ŒÅÍÎ ÒÔÍ ×ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÔÍ Á×ÒÏÍ (‘obligations of
performance’), ÎÀÒÅ ÅʼÇÈÑÅ ÒÉÕ ÍΌÉË»Õ Ñ×Í»ÅÉÅÕ ŒÉÁÕ Ò»ÒÎÉÁÕ ËÁÒÈÇÎнÁÕ ÇÉÁ ÒÈ ÄÉÅÓͼ Å×ÓÀÍÈ ÒÔÍ
ËÐÁÒÏÍ. ™ÉÁ ÒÎ̾ÇÎÁ×Ò¾, ȍÁÐÎÀÑÁŒÅÌ»ÒÈ ÅÉËÅÍÒÐÏÍÅÒÁÉ ÑÒÈÄÉËÐÉÑȌÅÒÁÊÀ ÒÔÍ׍ÎÖÐÅÏÑÅÔÍÑ×-
ŒÅÐÉÆÎÐÕ ËÁÉ ÁÎÒÅ̻ьÁÒÎÕ. ¥ »ÍÍÎÉÁ ‘obligationof performance’ ÖÐÈÑɌ΍ÎÉŽÒÁÉ Á¾ ÒÎÍ Kelsen
ÔÕ ×ÎÖлÔÑÈ ËÎÉÎ× ÍÁ ÅÍÅÐǼÑÅÉ, ÑÅ ÁÍÒ½ÓÅÑÈ ŒÅ ÒÈÍ ×ÎÖлÔÑÈ ËÎÉÎ× ÍÁ ÁÍÅÖÓŽ ÒÈ Ñ׌Å-
ÐÉÆÎÐ ÌÌÎ×: H. K ELSEN, Pure Theory of Law, (translated from the 2nd ed. byM. Knight) (Berkeley:
UniversityofCaliforniaPress, 1967), ÑÅÌ.126.