Η ΕΙΔΙΚΗ ΑΠΟΖΗΜΙΩΣΗ ΣΤΟ ΔΙΚΑΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΘΑΛΑΣΣΙΑΣ ΑΡΩΓΗΣ

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ŁŏŎ Œņ ¨ňńŇŌņ őœŋłŁőņ ŒŎœ 1910 őŒņ ¨ňńŇŌņ őœŋłŁőņ ŒŎœ 1989 21
ś ůūŰ ›ŨŴůūŸ ũŞŰ›ŤŠś—Şůūŭ ŢŦšŦŧś Ş›ūţŤ—ŜŴŮŤ «Special Compensation», Ť
ū›ūŜŞ Ş›ūůŢŨŢŜ šŜŧůŰ ŞŮűŞŨŢŜŞŭ «Safety Net»48 ū›ūůŢšś›ūůŢ šŦŢŪśŠŞŠŞũ —ŦŞ
ޛŦŲŢŜŬŤŮŤ ŞŬŴŠśŭ ŮŢ ›ŨūŜū (ś ũŞŰ›śŠŤ—Ş) ›ūŰ ŢŜůŢ ůū ŜšŦū ŢŜůŢ ůū űūŬůŜū ůūŰ
Ş›ūůŢŨūŸŮŢ Ş›ŢŦŨś ›ūŰ —›ūŬūŸŮŢ ũŞ ›ŬūŧŞŨŚŮŢŦ şŨřşŤ Ůůū ›ŢŬŦşřŨŨūũ ŧŞŦ
šŢũ ŚŨŞşŞũ Ş—ūŦşś, ŮŸ—űŴũŞ —Ţ ůū řŬťŬū 13 ůūŰŨřŲŦŮůūũ ŜŮŤ ›Ŭūŭ ůŤũ ŢŦšŦŧś
Ş›ūţŤ—ŜŴŮŤ.
ŋřŨŦŮůŞ, ޛŦűŞũŚŭ —ŚŬūŭ ůŤŭ ťŢŴŬŜŞŭ ›ŞŬŞůśŬŤŮŢ49 ŷůŦ Ť őŸ—şŞŮŤ ůūŰ 1989
›ŢŬŦŚŨŞşŢ ŢŦšŦŧś ŬŸť—ŦŮŤ ŠŦŞ ůŤũ ŢŦšŦŧś Ş›ūţŤ—ŜŴŮŤ šŦŷůŦ ŧŞůř ůū ŲŬŷũū ųś-
űŦŮśŭ ůŤŭ ūŦ ŞŮűŞŨŦŮůŚŭ Lloyd’s ůūŰ ŊūũšŜũūŰ ŢũŮŴ—řůŴŮŞũ —ŦŞ ŮŤ—ŞũůŦŧś ŧŞŦ
ťŢ—ŢŨŦŹšŤ —ŢůŞŬŬŸť—ŦŮŤ Ůůū ŧŢŜ—Ţũū ůūŰ ›řŠŦūŰ ŮۗűŴũŤůŦŧūŸ ŠŦŞ ůŤ šŦř-
ŮŴŮŤ («Lloyd’s Open Form for Salvage Agreement», ś ŷ›Ŵŭ ŮŰũŤťŚŮůŢŬŞ ŮůŤũ
›ŬřŪŤ ŞũŞűŚŬŢůŞŦ Ŵŭ L.O.F. ůūŰ 1980 50 ŧŞŦ ůūŰ 1990. Ŏ ŧŞũŷũŞŭ «no cure - no
pay» ŢŪŞŧūŨūŰťūŸŮŢ ũŞ ŦŮŲŸŢŦ. ń›ŬŷŧŢŦůū, ŷ—Ŵŭ, ŠŦŞ —ŦŞ ›ūŨŸ ŮŤ—ŞũůŦŧś ŢŪŞŜ-
ŬŢŮŤ - Ş›ŷŧŨŦŮŤ Ş›ŷ ůūũ ›ŬūŞũŞűŢŬťŚũůŞ ťŢ—ŢŨŦŹšŤ ŧŞũŷũŞ ůŤŭ ťŞŨřŮŮŦŞŭ
ŞŬŴŠśŭ ŮŢ űūŬůŴ—Śũū Ţũ ŷŨŴ ś Ţũ —ŚŬŢŦ šŢŪŞ—Ţũŷ›ŨūŦū51.
őŰũޛŹŭ, ŮŢ ›ŢŬŜ›ůŴŮŤ ›ūŰ ūŦ ŮŴŮůŦŧŚŭ ۛŤŬŢŮŜŢŭ śůŞũ ŞũޛŦůŰŲŢŜŭ ś Ţũ —Ś-
ŬŢŦ ޛŦůŰŲŢŜŭ ś ū šŦŞŮŹŮůŤŭ ޗ›ūšŦţŷůŞũ ŧŞŦ šŢũ —›ūŬūŸŮŢ ũŞ ūŨūŧŨŤŬŹŮŢŦ
ůŤũ ›ŞŬūŲś ůŴũ ۛŤŬŢŮŦŹũ, ťŞ ŢŜŲŢ ůū šŦŧŞŜŴ—Ş ũ’ ŞŪŦŹŮŢŦ ůŦŭ šŞ›řũŢŭ ůŤŭ
ŞŬŴŠśŭ ›ŬūŮŞŰŪŤ—ŚũŢŭ —ŚŲŬŦ 15%. ĺůŮŦ Ş›ŷ ůŤ —ŜŞ ›ŨŢŰŬř ū ¨ŦŢťũśŭ Ľ—ŦŨūŭ
ńũŹŮŢŴũ ŁŨŨŤŨŞŮűŞŨŦŮůŦŧŹũ őŰũŢůŞŦŬŦٗŹũ ŏŬūŮůŞŮŜŞŭ ŧŞŦ Ł›ūţŤ—ŜŴŮŤŭ52
(International Group of P&I Clubs) Ş›ūšŚŲůŤŧŢ ũŞ ŧŞůŞşřŨŢŦ ůŦŭ šŞ›řũŢŭ ›ūŰ
ŷŬŦţŞũ ūŦ ŬśůŬŢŭ ůūŰ «Safety Net» ŧŞŦ Ş›ŷ ůŤũ řŨŨŤ ›ŨŢŰŬř ūŦ ŞŮűŞŨŦŮůŚŭ
ŮۗűŹũŤŮŞũ ũŞ ŮŰũŢŲŜŮūŰũ ũŞ ›ŨŤŬŹũūŰũ ůū ŮŰũūŨŦŧŷ ›ūŮŷ ůŤŭ Ş—ūŦşśŭ
ŠŦŞ ůŦŭ ۛŤŬŢŮŜŢŭ ůūŰŭ —ūŨūũŷůŦ ůū ŮŞűŚŭ, ›ŨŚūũ, ŧŞťśŧūũ ůūŰ ŞŬŴŠūŸ śůŞũ
48. Ŏ ŷŬūŭ «safety net», ŷ›Ŵŭ ūŬťř ޛŦŮŤ—ŞŜũŢůŞŦ (Gaskell N.: The international convention
on salvage 1989, ŮŢ International Journal of Estuarine and Coastal Law vol.4, Nom.4, 281,
ۛūŭ.75) šŢũ ŚŲŢŦ ŧř›ūŦŞ ŦšŦŞŜůŢŬŤ ŢŬ—ŤũŢŜŞ ŧŞŦ šŢũ şŬŜŮŧŢůŞŦ (Ŵŭ ũū—Ŧŧŷŭ ŷŬūŭ) ŮŢ ŧř-
›ūŦū řŬťŬū ůŤŭ ŮŸ—şŞŮŤŭ.
49. Brice: The law of salvage: A time for change? ‘No cure - no pay’ no Good, The Tulane Law
Review Association 1999, 1836.
50. Œū ŧŢŜ—Ţũū ůūŰ L.O.F. şŨ ŮŢ Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 1981, 257. ŃŦŞ ůŦŭ ŞŨ-
ŨŞŠŚŭ ›ūŰ Ţ›śŨťŞũ Ůůū ŧŢŜ—Ţũū ůūŰ ŮۗűŴũŤůŦŧūŸ şŨ. Bessemer – Clark A. F.: The role
of the L.O.F. 1980, Lloyd’s Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly 1980, 297, Miller A.:
Lloyd’s Open Form 1980 – A commentary, Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 1981,
243, Coulthard A.: A new cure for salvors? – A comparative analysis of the L.O.F. 1980 and
C.M.I. Draft Salvage Convention, Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 1983, 45.
51. Gold: Marine salvage: towards a new regime, Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce
1989, 499.
52. ŎŦ ŞŨŨŤŨŞŮűŞŨŦŮůŦŧŚŭ ŢũŹŮŢŦŭ (P&I Clubs) ťŢŴŬūŸũůŞŦ Ŵŭ ŞŮűŞŨŦŮůŚŭ Ş›ūţŤ—ŜŴŮŤŭ
(indemnity insurers) ŧŞŦ ŷŲŦ ŞŮůŦŧśŭ ŢŰťŸũŤŭ (liability insurers). łŨ. ŮŲŢů. Bennett H.:
The law of marine insurance 1996, 236.